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Perimeter security glossary - I

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I

ICMB Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Missiles with no guidance system but are instead dependent upon their trajectory. ICBMs have long enough range to go from one continent to another, but are very expensive. They can be equipped with multiple warheads, each guided to different targets.

Identification Taggants

A marker or taggant placed into an explosive material that has utility after an explosion to identify the manufacturer, the date, and shift when it was manufactured. Once this type taggant is located and identified, the information it provides would allow law enforcement to trace all of the same type explosives manufactured on that specific date and shift to all of the legal purchasers. See Taggants.

Impact Area

An area having designated boundaries within the limits of which all ordnance will detonate or impact. See Ordnance and Ordnance and Explosives.

Improvised Cratering Charge

Consists of a mixture of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and diesel fuel, motor oil, or gasoline.

Improvised Explosive Device (IED)

An improvised device is normally of local manufacture and is often associated with booby traps. It has all the elements of a mass manufactured mine or booby trap. See Claymore Mine, Corrugated Metal Revetment.

Improvised Nuclear Device

A nuclear weapon that is designed to scatter radioactive material causing casualties by radiation sickness, or to detonate as a normal nuclear device, but that has been made from available materials, and not manufactured normally. An example would be a so-called 'Dirty Bomb'.

Incendiary

One who commits arson or who maliciously and willfully sets another's property on fire. It is also used to describe any device for causing or enhancing a fire. An investigation must take place before it is known that arson occurred.

Incident Causation Model (ICM)

An approach for identifying the causal factors of a serious security incident or safety accident. The model is designed to force a careful examination of each related circumstance and identify what needs to be done to prevent recurrence. The model can be used to examine actual and potential loss-producing incidents.

Incident Command System (ICS)

An organized approach to take charge of a critical incident and coordinate the response. Joint private/public sector planning establishes a smooth transfer of authority from the private sector to the public sector Incident Commander when he arrives on the scene. Unified command may occur after this transfer.

Incident Commander

Public sector official, usually fire or police, in charge of coordinating resources and developing strategies to resolve the critical incident.

Incident Management Team (IMT)

The private sector response team at the scene to resolve the critical incident. Also called Emergency Response Team (ERT).

Incident Objectives

Statement of guidance and direction necessary for the selection of appropriate strategies and the tactical direction of resources. Incident objectives are based on realistic expectations of what can be accomplished when all allocated resources have been effectively deployed. Incident objectives must be achievable and measurable, yet flexible enough to allow for strategic and tactical alternatives.

Infantry Fighting Vehicle

A light tank with the ability to carry a squad of infantry. See Tank.

Infinity Transmitter Device

A device that allows a room conversation to be monitored by a remotely activated microphone on a telephone line.

Information

Is processed fact; reporting with or without analysis. It is often prepared for publication or dissemination in some form and is intended to inform rather than warn or advise. It is also considered to be data that have been transformed through analysis and interpretation into a form useful for drawing conclusions and making decisions.

Information Officer

A member of the Command Staff responsible for interfacing with the public and media or with other agencies requiring information directly from the incident. There is only one Information Officer per incident. The Information Officer may have assistants.

Infrared

The region of the electromagnetic spectrum bounded by the long-wavelength extreme of the visible spectrum (approximately 0.7 m) and the shortest microwaves (approximately 0.1 mm). Infrared equipment is oftern used for electronic perimeter security devices.

Infrared Card Reader

A card reader that uses an infrared light source to read information encoded in an access control card. It operates on an optical density principle.

Infrared Examinations

Crime lab tests in which objects are examined while exposed to infrared radiation. Infrared differs from ultraviolet examination in that there are no fluorescent effects that can be seen by the unaided eye. Infrared is useful in examining evidence for telltale stains.

Infrared Imagery

That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic radiations emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared position of the electromagnetic spectrum (approx 0.72 to 1,000 microns).

Infrared Motion Detector

A passive, low-power, area-protection device that detects a change in ambient temperature caused by movements of a body or objects within a protected zone. Sensor circuitry generates an alarm when a moving object causes a change in a radiated energy pattern covering the protected zone. For example, an intruder moving into a protected zone would introduce a heat change caused by the intruder's body heat. This is also called passive infrared or PIR.

Infrared Photography

Photography employing an optical system & direct image recording on film sensitive to near- infrared wavelength (infrared film). Note: not to be confused with infrared imagery.

Infrared Scanning

Atechnique that uses an infrared imaging device to detect short circuits or hot spots in a wiring system.

Infrared Sensor

An electro-optical sensor which is capable of producing either photographic or TV type images using detected target thermal infrared emissions; thus no illumination is required.

Infrasonic Sensor

A sensor that senses a change in pressure such as that caused by the opening of a door or window.

Infrastructure

The basic facilities and services necessary for the function of a community or a country, such as transportation and communications systems, power plants, water lines, roads, and public institutions. For the military the buildings, facilities, bases, transport systems and communications systems necessary to support military operations.

Inhabited Building

Buildings or portions of buildings routinely occupied by 11 or more DoD personnel and with a population density of greater than one person per 40 gross square meters (430 gross square feet). This density generally excludes industrial, maintenance, and storage facilities, except for more densely populated portions of those buildings such as administrative areas. The inhabited building designation also applies to expeditionary and temporary structures with similar population densities. In a building that meets the criterion of having 11 or more personnel, with portions that do not have sufficient population densities to qualify as inhabited buildings, those portions that have sufficient population densities will be considered inhabited buildings while the remainder of the building may be considered uninhabited, subject to provisions of these standards. An example would be a hangar with an administrative area within it. The administrative area would be treated as an inhabited building while the remainder of the hangar could be treated as uninhabited. (Note: This definition differs significantly from the definition for inhabited building used by DoD 6055.9-STD and is not construed to be authorization to deviate from criteria of DoD 6055.9-STD.) See DoD Building, DoD Personnel.

Insider Compromise

A person authorized access to a facility (an insider) compromises assets by taking advantage of that accessibility.

Installations

Bases, stations, and annexes (both contractor and Government operated), hospitals, terminals, and other special mission facilities, as well as those used primarily for military purposes - Also includes any activity of the Air Force that employs members of the work force in peacetime or will employ them in the event of mobilization. See Assets, DoD Building, DoD Components, DoD Personnel.

Intelligence

The product of adding value to information and data through analysis. Intelligence is created for a purpose. The process by which analysis is applied to information and data is done to inform policy-making, decision-making, including decisions regarding the allocation of resources, strategic decisions, operations and tactical decisions. Intelligence serves many purposes among which are the identification/elimination of threat sources, the investigation and resolution of threats, the identification and treatment of security risks, the elimination of threat sources, the mitigation of harm associated with risk, preemption, response, preparation and operations related to threats and risks.

Interior Microwave Motion Detector

A sensor designed specifically for indoor use, and usually consists of a single transceiver. Microwaves are transmitted into the protected area so that a constant pattern of microwaves is reflected back. Movement within the protected area disturbs the constant pattern and a comparison circuit trips an alarm. See Motion Detector, Motion Detection, Motion Detection Alarm.

Interior Zone

A protective zone established inside a perimeter zone. Also called a secondary zone. See Perimeter, Perimeter Defenses, Perimeter Security.

Internal Ballistics

One of two branches of ballistics which deals with the motion of the projectile while it is still in the gun. See Ballistics.

Internal Damping

Anything that absorbs some or all of the impact from a blast. See Blast, Blast Mitigation, Explosion.

Interpol

An international law enforcement organization consisting of 138 member countries. Interpol, headquartered in Saint Cloud, France, enables communication among law enforcement organizations and provides assistance in both domestic and foreign criminal investigative matters. In each member country, a point of contact and coordination is established within some component of the national police in the capital city. The designated entity is known as the National Central Bureau (NCB).

Intrusion Detection Grid

An arrangement of wire, screen, or tubing placed over openings to provide protection from intrusion. An attempt to enter will break the grid, causing an alarm.

Intrusion Detection Sensors

Devices that initiate alarm signals by sensing the stimulus, change, or condition for which they were designed.

Intrusion Detection System

The combination of components, including sensors, control units, transmission lines, and monitor units, integrated to operate in a specified manner.

Intrusion Switch

A sensor that operates on a mechanical or magnetic principle to detect an opening. It has one contact installed on the door window or opening surface, and a second, immediately adjacent contact is installed on the fixed surface. When the contacts separate, due to an opening, an alarm is triggered.

Isolated Fenced Perimeters

Fenced perimeters with 100 feet or more of space outside the fence that is clear of obstruction making approach obvious.

Isolation Zone

An area adjacent to a physical barrier, clear of all objects which could conceal or shield an individual.

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For more information about Infrastructure Defense Technologies' perimeter security products and applications, please call us at 1-800-621-5617, email us at info@themetalith.com, or fill out our contact form.

The Metalith
A Division of Infrastructure Defense Technologies
3575 Morreim Drive • Belvidere, Illinois 61008
Phone: 1-800-621-5617• Fax: 1-815-323-1317
Email: info@themetalith.com