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Perimeter security glossary - S
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S
Sacrificial Roof or Wall
Walls or roofs that can be lost in a blast without damage to the primary asset. See Passive Barriers, Revetments, A-1 Revetments, B-1 Revetments, Blast-Wall.
Safe Blast Distance
The distance from an explosion of any type where no harmful effects occur due to blast overpressure, shrapnel, shattered glass and flying glass shards. See Safe Fragmentation Distance and Fragmentation Velocity.
Safe Fragmentation Distance
The distance from the detonation point of an explosion that no blast fragments can penetrate bare human skin. See Fragmentation Velocity, Safe Blast Distance.
Safe Haven
Secure areas within the interior of the facility. A Safe Haven should be designed such that it requires more time to penetrate by terrorist than it takes for the response force to reach the protected area to rescue the occupants.
Safe House Building
Not under surveillance by intelligence or counterintelligence of organizations where terrorists can be safe while they plan attacks or rest. See Intelligence, Terrorist.
Safir-Simpson Scale
A scale used to measure strength of hurricanes. See FEMA, Hurricane, Natural Disaster.
Sandbag
A canvas container filled with sand and used for force protection or pretection from rising flood waters.
SD-STD-02.01
U.S. Department of State Specification for Vehicle Crash Test of Perimeter Barriers and Gates.
Secondary
Component of a nuclear weapon that contains elements needed to initiate the fusion reaction in a thermonuclear explosion.
Secondary Asset
An asset which supports a primary asset and whose compromise would indirectly affect the operation of the primary asset.
Secondary Device
An explosive, incendiary or other threatening device, designed to impact responders to an initial event where a bomb or fire has previously occurred. An explosive detonated occurring after a smaller diversionary device. See Bomb, Explosive.
Secondary Fragmentation
Fragmentation material created by the impact of initial fragmentation materials of an exploding bomb or shell with other solid object such as concrete barriers, or metal objects with enough force or pressure to create additional fragmentation devices due to that impact that they now become lethal fragments.
Secondary Fragments
Debris from structures and other items in close proximity to the explosion (e.g., barricades, concrete walls, ISO containers, overhead protection, sandbags). These fragments, which are somewhat larger in size than primary fragments and initially travel at hundreds of feet per second, do not normally travel as far as primary fragments.
Secondary Hazard
A threat whose potential would be realized as the result of a triggering event that of itself would constitute an emergency. For example, dam failure might be a secondary hazard associated with earthquakes.
Section C5.3
A portion of DoD 6055.9-STD that provides the standards for criteria associated with determining barricade or revetment height and length.
Secure/Access Mode
The state of an area monitored by an intrusion detection system in regards to how alarm conditions are reported.
Security Analysis
The method of studying the nature of and the relationship between assets, threats, and vulnerabilities.
Security Engineering
The process of identifying practical, risk managed short and long-term solutions to reduce and/or mitigate dynamic man-made hazards by integrating multiple factors, including construction, equipment, manpower, and procedures.
Security Engineering Design Process
The process through which assets requiring protection are identified, the threat to and vulnerability of those assets is determined, and a protective system is designed to protect the assets. See Assets.
Security Fence
Usually an 8-foot high, 9-gauge metal chain link fence with an outrigger consisting of three strands of barbed wire. See Fencing, Perimeter Defenses.
Security Forces
That portion of a security organization at a Navy installation comprised of active duty military, civilian police/guard, or contract guard personnel, tasked to provide physical security and/or law enforcement. The size and composition of the security force depends on the size of the installation's Commanding Officer.
Self-healing
A protective barrier’s ability to seal itself, by whatever means, where it has been damaged due to ballistics impact or explosive blasts to continue to present a useful and formidable barrier. Certain types of earth or sand filled revetment barriers provide self- healing as they, at some point, discontinue leaking their sand or earth ballast material long before it would normally seep out through an opening. See A1 Revetment, B1 Revetment, Revetment, Metalith.
Semi-Isolated Fenced Perimeters
Fence lines where approach areas are clear of obstruction for 60 to 100 feet outside of the fence where there is little reason for the general public or other personnel seldom have reason to be in the area.
Semtex
Plastic explosive primarily containing Pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN) made in Czech Republic. See C4, PETN, Plastic Explosive.
Shaped Charge
Shaped charges concentrate the energy of an explosion released on a small area, making a tubular or linear fracture in the target. Shaped charges are effective against many targets especially those made from concrete or those with armor plating.
Shielded Wire
Wire with a conductive wrap used to mitigate electromagnetic emanations.
Shock Front - (DOD, NATO)
The boundary between the pressure disturbance created by an explosion (in air, water, or earth) and the ambient atmosphere, water, or earth. See Explosion.
Shock Wave
A transient pressure pulse that propagates at supersonic velocity. See Blast, Blast Wave, Overpressure.
Shrapnel
High-speed metal fragments from a shell or bomb explosion. Shrapnel can be quite lethal to personnel; it can also cause considerable damage to aircraft. Fragments from an exploding munition that can acquire velocities comparable to those of rifle bullets (nearly 3,000 fps) and cause great impact effects. Objects which are attached to the outside or included inside a device to increase the blast damage and/or injure/kill personnel. The device/container walls themselves can also function in this manner. See Blast, Bomb, Explosion.
Simultaneous Detonation
The detonation of two or more items that are near each other, with one item detonating after the next, and with such short intervals between detonations, that the overall detonation appears to have emanated from a single item. Pressures produced by these independent detonations grow together (coalesce) within very short distances from their sources to cause peak overpressures greater than that of each independent source. Preventing simultaneous detonation is equivalent to providing intermagazine distance. See Blast, Explosion, Blast Wave, Shock Wave, Blast Overpressure, Propagating Explosion.
Site Layout
Overall configuration of buildings, equipment, and other assets at an installation considering operational, logistic, and security requirements. See Assets.
Site Survey Input
A security review of an existing site or project plans to determine existing or planned security measures and identify vulnerabilities.
Small Arms
Man portable or vehicle mounted light weapons, designed primarily for anti-personnel use. Include rifles, pistols and light machine guns. See Light Machine Guns.
Soft Target
A building, piece of critical infrastructure (i.e. dam, power plant, utility company, etc.) or other commercial or non-commercial entity, that has little if any security implementations in place, relative to barriers, cameras, guards, etc.
Specialty Explosives
Any specialty tool used for a particular purpose other than blasting, such as explosive-actuated device (jet-tappers, jet perforators), propellant-actuated power device (construction nail guns), commercial C4, detasheet, oil well perforating guns, etc. See C4.
Speed of Sound
The speed at which sound travels under specified conditions. The speed of sound at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere is 1,108 feet/second, 658 knots, 1,215 kilometers/hour.
Standoff Distance
Distance away from a specific structure that determines the amount of damage that would occur if an explosion of a specific size were to be detonated. For standoff threats the distance away from a potential vantage point with direct line of sight to the asset. See Asset, Revetment.
Standoff Threat
Threat that can be initiated at a distance and detection and apprehension avoided (i.e. shoulder fire arms and small arms).
Standoff Weapons
Weapons that are launched from a distance at a target (anti-tank weapons, mortars, etc.)
Standoff Weapons Tactic
Military weapons or improvised versions of military weapons fired at a facility from a significant distance. These weapons include direct and indirect line of sight weapons such as antitank weapons and mortars, respectively. The aggressor's goals are to damage the facility, to injure or kill its occupants, or to damage or destroy assets. See Asset, Mortar.
Standoff Zone
The area between the protected structure and the perimeter barrier protecting the asset against potential threats. See Asset, Perimeter.
State Sponsored Terrorism
Acts of terror initiated by the organization to promote its own interests, with operational assistance from the state. Acts of terror initiated by the state to promote the interests of the state or a shared interest (at times with operational assistance from the state). Acts of terror executed by the state or its agents in order to achieve its own interests.
Stationary Vehicle Bomb Tactic
An explosives-laden car or truck parked near a facility. The aggressor then detonates the explosives either by time delay or remote control. The aggressor's goals are to damage or destroy the facility or to kill people with the additional goal of destroying assets within the blast area. See A-1 Revetment, Blast, B-1 Revetment, Moving Vehicle Bomb, Passive Barriers.
Steel Plate Barriers
Steel barriers that rise up from the road to a 45° angle. When raised, the barrier's angle, along with the barrier's foundation pad, deflects the vehicle's force.
Stockpile
An area or storehouse where medicine and other supplies are kept in the event of an emergency. See Emergency.
Strain-Sensitive Cable
Strain-sensitive cables are transducers that are uniformly sensitive along their entire length and generate an analog voltage when subject to mechanical distortions or stress resulting from fence motion. They are typically attached to a chain-link fence about halfway between the bottom and top of the fence fabric with plastic ties.
Strength
The measure of the energy content of an explosive in relation to nitroglycerine dynamite. See Explosive.
Stress
Physical, mental or emotional strain or tension.
Structural Glazed Window Systems
Window systems in which glazing is bonded to both sides of the window frame using an adhesive such as a high-strength, high-performance silicone sealant.
Structural Protective Barriers
Man-made devices (such as fences, walls, floors, roofs, grills, bars, roadblocks, signs, or other construction) used to restrict, channel, or impede access.
Structure Group
A cluster of expeditionary or temporary structures consisting of multiple rows of individual structures with 200 or fewer DoD personnel. See DoD Personnel.
Sub-munitions
Sub-munitions are minelets or bomblets that form part of a cluster bomb or artillery shell payload.
Superstructure
The supporting elements of a building above the foundation.
Supplies Bomb Delivery Tactic
Bombs concealed in various containers and delivered to supply and materiel handling points such as loading docks. The sizes in this tactic are larger than those in the mail bomb tactic. The aggressor's goals are to damage the facility, kill or injure its occupants, or to damage assets. See Mail Bomb Delivery Tactics.
Surgical strike
A carefully planned and executed attack against a well-defended target.
Surreptitious Entry
Gaining entry through a locked device in such a manner that evidence of the act will not be discernible.
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